Why can't we read? What is so difficult about developing 'phonemic awareness' and the ability to associate letters and sounds? 

Have you ever listened to a conversation between 4 or 5 year olds?  Have you ever listened to what they can listen to - to the TV shows and movies they enjoy? Have you noticed how many sophisticated multi-syllable words they are able to speak and understand? Why is it that these same kids struggle when learning to read?  Most children know their "A-B-C's" by the time they are three. They recognize the letters and, with comparative ease, link them to their sounds. 

So, why is it that children with sophisticated vocabularies and that know their A-B-Cs, struggle for months or even years learning to read? The obvious problem: In pronouncing the alphabet’s letters, there is a clearly defined one-to-one correspondence between the visual appearance of a letter and its sound. But, when letters combine in words this correspondence gets lost.  Twenty-six letters can give rise to 44 sounds in hundreds of ways that are neither obvious nor intuitive to the beginning reader. A letter’s isolated alphabet sound is predominantly not the way that letter sounds in pronouncing any particular word. Though there are other issues involved in reading, this is the big one.  

 

 


   It's cold.
   See the snow.
   See the snow come down.
   Little Bear said, "Mother Bear,
   I am cold.
   See the Snow.
   I want something to put on."

         - from a 1st grade reading book   

 

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When we listen to a developing reader read aloud what we hear is the stumbling and stuttering which happens when, during the flow of reading, the reader encounters a word with ambiguous letter sounds.

Given the difficulty just outlined and the comparative ease of relating to other media, such as television and movies, it’s no wonder that so many children have difficulty sustaining motivation when reading. Whereas the child's oral language world is rich with range and power, the clumsiness and inefficiency of the reading process makes their written language world frustrating and tedious. Compounding this is the fact that this ‘barrier’ forces authors and publishers to "dumb down" to a level most children find boring as well.  Again, not because they can't understand the meanings -- the TV programs they watch and the conversations they engage in are radically more complex -- but because their process for processing the written word is so poor. Reading is not exciting until you really learn to read -- why work to learn to read when what is being read is so boring?

The need for explicit phonemic awareness, and the ability to link letters and letter combinations with their sounds, only becomes necessary when we need to decode words from letter-symbols that represent the word's components of sound. These aren't natural processes of the human brain, they are the 'interface requirements' of our reading technology. Furthermore, their processing is made unnaturally confusing by the ambiguity involved in how the letters of the alphabet 'encode' the sounds of our spoken language.

 

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